Only a minority of the French population was actively involved in the official Resistance movement and networks. In France, as elsewhere, more subtle, less coordinated forms of resistance—work slowdowns, isolated acts, and gestures of support for Jews and others under threat from Nazism—were far more common. As time went on, many more French men and women backed the Resistance simply by allowing its operatives to act unimpeded.
Because they had access to the network and held special employee passes, rail workers were able to travel much more easily than their fellow citizens. They used this unique position to express their collective opposition to the occupying forces. It started with passive acts of subversion, such as allowing escaped prisoners of war, Resistance fighters and people fleeing persecution to cross the dividing line between occupied and unoccupied France. Later, they played a more active role: carrying letters, leaflets and underground journals, and gathering intelligence on rail operations and enemy military transports. SNCF employees also shared insider knowledge with NAP-Fer and other Resistance networks linked to Free France, the government-in-exile based in London. Thanks to the intelligence they provided—from transport plans and traffic maps to military convoy routes and timetables—the Allies knew exactly where and when to strike the rail system to inflict maximum damage. Rail workers with special expertise helped armed Resistance cells plan acts of sabotage, and some even took part in the missions themselves.
The Central Bureau of Intelligence and Operations (BCRA)—the intelligence arm of the Free France Resistance movement—used technical data gathered from the rail community to develop the Plan Vert (Green Plan), under which rail lines were sabotaged ahead of D-Day to slow the advance of German reinforcements toward the landing beaches.
From 1942 onwards, rail workers also used industrial action as way to protest against the enlistment and deportation of fellow employees to work as forced labourers in Germany—despite a strict ban on striking and harsh penalties for those who failed to comply. And when employees at SNCF’s depots in the capital downed tools on August 10, 1944, it was the flashpoint that ignited the Paris uprising.
Spontaneous acts of resistance—slow-downs, support for deportees and forced labourers
Spontaneous acts of resistance—isolated and anonymous—were a common among France’s rail community. At SNCF’s workshops, depots and marshalling yards, rail workers employed work slow-downs and other tactics, doing just enough to make life difficult for the occupying forces without being detected.
Rail workers lacked the means to stop the convoys and were unaware of their ultimate destination. But they played their part through small acts of kindness and gestures of solidarity toward the forced labourers and deportees imprisoned inside. Evading the watch of the Nazi guards, they instructed those on board to wait until the train had left the station before throwing notes to loved ones onto the tracks—which they then collected and passed on to family members, at great personal risk. Others handed out food and water to deportees held inside stationary wagons for hours on end. Some even put themselves in the firing line by deliberately slowing the convoys on sections of track where escape was more likely, or by helping to smuggle prisoners off standing trains to freedom.
We strongly recommend that you carefully read our entire terms and conditions of use before using the website http://39-45.sncf.com (the “Site”) set by Société nationale SNCF (herein after “SNCF”).
These terms and conditions of use (the “Terms of Use”) are intended to define the terms and conditions applying to anyone who accesses the Site available at the following link: http://39-45.sncf.com.
They are available in French and English.
Access to the Site is subject to acceptance and compliance with the Terms of Use and is strictly reserved for the User, i.e. any person with access to the Site, no matter where that person is located and no matter what the connection method used (the “User”).
When accessing the Site for the first time, a window containing the Terms of Use will be displayed. The User must agree to them by ticking the checkbox: “I have read and I agree to the full Terms of Use”.
SNCF reserves the right, at its sole discretion, to change, modify, add to, or update the Terms of Use at any time, including to comply with any legal, editorial, and/or technical changes and to conform to any changes in the Web Host’s general terms and conditions of service.
The User should regularly review the most recent version of the Terms of Use, which is always available on the Site.
If the Terms of Use are modified, a window containing the modified Terms of Use will be displayed. The User must agree to the new Terms of Use by ticking the checkbox: “I have read and I agree to the full Terms of Use”.
If he/her does not agree to the Terms of Use, the User will not be able to access the Site.
For any question about the Site and the Terms of Use, the User can contact SNCF by email at the following address: patrimoine@sncf.fr or by post at the following address:
SNCF – Direction de la Communication et de la Marque Service Patrimoine et Mécénat / Site 39-45, 2, Place aux Etoiles – CS 70001 93200 Saint-Denis, France
1. PURPOSE OF THE SITE
This Site is provided to inform about SNCF’s history between 1939 and 1945, to find out the initiatives launched by SNCF to support historical research, honour the memory of the Shoah victims and railway workers who were members of the Resistance, and to convey and teach this history to new generations.
SNCF endeavours to provide all needed information to achieve Site’s objectives and be as precise as possible. However, SNCF is not liable for any omissions, inaccuracies or gaps in its updates, whether caused by it or by third-party partners that provide it with information. The User should verify any information posted on the Site with the official sources.
2. ACCESS TO AND USE OF THE SITE
2.1. Access to the Site
The User may access the Site from any computer, tablet, or smartphone connected to a telecommunications network that uses Internet communication protocols.
SNCF grants Users the right to view, use, and access the information on the Site.
2.2. Cost of access
Access to the Site is free of charge.
The User is personally responsible for the cost of all software and equipment needed to use the Site, as well as for Internet access and communications charges outside of the User’s place of work.
The User is fully responsible for his/her own login information.
Unless proven otherwise, the User will be deemed responsible for any connection to the Site and any transmission of data using his/her login information.
2.3. Period of access
The User is granted access to the Site for an unlimited period, but either the User or SNCF may unilaterally terminate access at any time, without prior notice, without cause, and without indemnification.
The User agrees that in case of violation of any legal provisions or the Terms of Use, SNCF may block him/her from the Site and terminate the User’s access, without prior notice and effective immediately.
2.4. Use of the Site
The Site may be used for personal as well as research and educational purposes. The Site may not be used for profit purposes.
Prohibited actions include, but are not limited to, the following;
using the Site for commercial purposes or, more generally, to offer products or services for payment, whether directly or indirectly;
“reselling” or providing the Site’s content, whether for compensation or free of charge, to any third party and/or any other Users;
using the Site to advertise or post unsolicited promotional materials;
directing Internet users, directly or indirectly, including through the use of hyperlinks, to other websites that may not comply with French law or with the Terms of Use.
To ensure that the Site works properly, the User must comply certain technical constraints, which may be modified from time to time.
The User must comply with the following technical information to access the Site and make optimal use of the services offered there. The User may not take any action that could impede or disturb the Site’s operation or technical accessibility.
The minimum configuration required to access the Site is as follows:
screen: at least 1024×768
browsers: IE7 or later, Safari 2 or later, Firefox 2 or later, or Mozilla Firefox
The User agrees to access the Site using virus-free equipment.
SNCF does not guarantee that the servers hosting the Site and the Site are free of viruses or other dangerous components. Therefore, the User is responsible for taking all appropriate steps to protect his/her own data and/or software from contamination by any viruses that may circulate on the Internet.
The User agrees that SNCF will in no event be held liable for any direct or indirect, pecuniary or non-pecuniary, consequential or incidental damages that may result from the User access to, or use of the Site, including Site unavailability, data loss, damage, or destruction, viruses that may affect the computer or other devices of the User’s, and/or the presence of viruses on the Site.
Furthermore, if the User downloads and/or obtains any material, in any manner whatsoever, while using the Site, it is at User’s owns peril and risk. SNCF is not liable for any damage to, or loss data from the Users’ computers.
The information provided by SNCF on the Site does not create a contract. It is provided for informational purposes only, free of charge, and with no obligation by SNCF, which may modify it without prior notice.
3. SITE AVAILABILITY
The Site is available 24 hours a day, 7 days a week, except in the event of force majeure or other events outside of SNCF’s control.
SNCF reserves the right, without prior notice, to suspend, interrupt or limit access to all or part of the Site, including for the maintenance or updates necessary to ensure that the Site and other resources operate properly, or for any other reason, including technical reasons.
SNCF does not have an absolute obligation (obligation de résultat) to ensure the Site’s availability or technical accessibility. SNCF will in no event be liable for any interruptions or their consequences for Users.
The User is hereby informed that SNCF may terminate or modify the Site’s services at any time and without prior notice. The User will have no recourse against SNCF if it does so.
4. WEB HOSTING
The User is expressly informed that the Site’s content is hosted and stored on CONSEILS ET SYSTÈMES INFORMATIQUES’ (CetSi) servers.
5. COOKIES
A cookie is a small file that does not allow the identification of the Site User. It also does not allow reading the information contained in the files of its computer, but it records information about the navigation of an electronic device on the Site.
The User is informed that, when consulting the Site, a cookie which is necessary for the operation and use of the Site is set on its electronic device.
The name, purpose and retention period of this cookie are set below:
Name
Purpose
Retention period
cgu
Stores Users’ acceptance of the Terms of Use
6 months
The User can also delete the cookie or block its creation by changing browsers settings as follows:
By blocking and/or by deleting the cookie, the use of the Site could be altered.
6.INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY
The User undertakes not to infringe the intellectual property rights (including copyright and related rights, sui generis database rights, trademarks, domain names etc.) of SNCF, the Site host and/or any third parties.
SNCF holds all intellectual property to the structure and content of the Site (including texts, logos, photographs, images, graphics, sounds, software, icons, page layout, and data bases) or else has legally acquired the right to use the Site’s structure and content, without limitation.
Accordingly, the User is prohibited from copying, reproducing, representing, modifying and/or using, or transferring in any manner and for any purpose whatsoever, all or part of the Site’s structure and content without SNCF’s express prior written authorization.
Without SNCF’s express prior written authorization, the User is not allowed to reproduce, represent, adapt, translate and/or partially or completely transform, or transfer elements from the Site to another website or support.
All downloads are strictly prohibited, unless expressly authorized by SNCF. Any downloading which constitutes misuse may result in the application of appropriate sanctions by SNCF and/or any relevant third party.
The trademarks and logos published on the Site have been registered by the companies that own them. Any reproduction of the names or logos by any means whatsoever without the prior authorization of their owner is prohibited.
Failure to comply with these prohibitions may constitute infringement, unfair competition, or parasitic practices for which the User may be held civility or criminally liability.
7. WARRANTIES – LIABILITY
The User undertakes to use the Site without violating any applicable laws or regulations, accepted Internet practices or “netiquette”, or the Terms of Use.
SNCF disclaims all liability for use of the Site in violation of the Terms of Use.
The User is informed that any use of the Site in violation of the Terms of Use may engage its liability and result in legal action and penalties against him/her.
The User undertakes to act diligently to respond to any complaint.
The User is liable to SNCF and/or to the relevant third parties for any pecuniary or non-pecuniary, direct and/or indirect damages of any kind whatsoever caused by the User and/or the User’s employees as a result of any violation of the Terms of Use.
The User agrees to warrant SNCF and/or to the relevant third parties, against any demand, claim, complaint, and/or recourse of any kind resulting from any violation of these provisions.
The User undertakes to indemnify them at any time and on their first request for any damages and/or any demand, action, or complaint by a third party resulting from any violation of these provisions.
This warranty covers both the damages that may be paid, whatever their direct or indirect cause, and costs such as legal fees, expert witness fees, and court costs.
SNCF undertakes to use best efforts to take technical and organizational steps to protect the information contained on the Site.
Nevertheless, the User acknowledges that he/she has been fully informed that the data are not protected against any form of intrusion, including by pirating.
The User acknowledges that it is impossible to guarantee the complete security of transmitted data. Therefore, SNCF is not liable for any incidents that may result from such transmission.
It is the User’s responsibility to take all necessary steps to preserve the confidentiality of the data he/she transmits.
The User of the Site expressly undertakes as follows:
not to use any software or processes intended for copying information from the Site without SNCF’s express prior authorization;
to expressly agree not to use any software or devices that could disturb the Site’s operation or to take any action that could disproportionately burden SNCF’s infrastructure;
not to alter, modify, or create derivative works based on information on the Site without SNCF’s express prior consent;
when quoting, discussing, or reproducing works in the press or for other uses expressly authorized by law, to do so only in accordance with the limits and conditions set forth in the law and to cite the names of the source and its authors;
not to extract or reuse any portion (whether small or large) of the content of Site’s databases and archives, including for private purposes, without SNCF’s prior written authorization;
not to set up any systems liable to or capable of pirating the Site, in full or in part, or liable to violate the Terms of Use;
to inform SNCF immediately if he/she become aware of any infringement whatsoever (including of SNCF’s intellectual property rights), and in particular of any illegal use (or any use in breach of contract) of the information on the Site, whatever the method of distribution used.
8. SEVERABILITY
If all or part of one or more provisions of the Terms of Use are invalidated, either due to a law or regulation or due to a final court decision, the other provisions of the Terms of Use (and the other parts of the invalided provision) remain valid.
9. GOVERNING LAW – DISPUTE RESOLUTION
The Terms and Conditions are governed by French law.
In the event of a disagreement relating to the interpretation, validity, or performance of the Terms of Use, the User and SNCF agree to use best efforts to settle the dispute amicably.
If the parties cannot reach an amicable settlement, any dispute relating to the interpretation or performance of the Terms of Use will be subject to the jurisdiction of the Paris courts.